Abstract:

The propagation of a 133(plus or minus)16-Hz acoustic signal through the eastern North Pacific Ocean is simulated over basin-scale ranges. A high angle c[inf 0]-insensitive parabolic equation model is used for the simulations. The ocean environment was constructed using CTD data or climatologically averaged data from the Levitus database, along the geodesic from Kaneohe, near Oahu to the receiver, located 3709 km to the northeast. A projection of a three-dimensional frozen internal wave field is superposed. The stable earlier arrivals measured from experimental data were used as a reference anchor, and it is demonstrated that internal wave energy in addition to mesoscale structure is responsible for vertically scattering the late ``axial'' acoustic energy over 1